T E N S E S
I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + ….
They / We
I / You Subject + Verb s-es + ….
He / She
It
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
a. Every morning/day/week/month/year
b. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
c. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing
FUNGSI;
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.
b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: * Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.
3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + ….
Has
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.
b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.
5. Simple Past Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
- Just now - This morning - Yesterday
6. Past Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing
were
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.
b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.
7. Past Perfect tense
POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.
8. Future Tense
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 + …
will
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.
b. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
9.Future Perfect Tense
Rumus
Subject + will / shall + have + been + complement
Atau
Subject + will / shall + have + verb III + Object / adverb
Penggunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi / akan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Di present future perfect tense sering kali menggunakan kata waktu yang diawali dengan by next month, by nect year, dan sebagainya.
Contoh :
Everyone will have been here by tomorrow morning
We shall have finished the report.
10.Past perfect continous tenses
Rumus
Subject + would / should + have + been + complement
Atau
Subject + would / should + have + verb III + Object / adverb
Penggunaan past future tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan terjadi / akan dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh :
He would have built the nouse by September last year
My uncle have moved to solo by the end of may two years ago
11.future perfect continous Tense
Rumus:
subject + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will have been working for four hours.
+ You will have been travelling for two days.
- She will not have been using the car.
- We will not have been waiting long.
? Will you have been playing football?
? Will they have been watching TV?
Kapan kita memakai Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang suatu tindakan/kegiatan yang panjang sebelum beberapa saat di masa yang akan datang. Contoh:
I will have been working here for ten years next week.
He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.
12. Past Future Tense
Kegunaan: Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau
Rumus Past Future Tense
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
Contoh:
Kalimat Positif Past Future Tense:
-I would go at 7 am tomorrow
Kalimat Negatif Past Future:
-You would not work
-They would not drive home
-She would not learn music
Kalimat Tanya Past Future
-Would You work ?
-Would They drive home ?
-Would She learn music ?
13. Past Future Continuous Tense
Kegunaan :
Untuk menggambarkan pengandaian tentang suatu kejadian yang sehatusnya telah dan masih terjadi di masa lampau
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + BE + Kata Kerja + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would be working at 10am.
+ You would be lying on a beach tomorrow.
- She would not be using the car.
- We would not be having dinner at home.
? would you be playing football?
? would they be watching TV?
14. Past Future Perfect Tense
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would have been working for four hours.
+ You would have been travelling for two days.
- She would not have been using the car.
- We would not have been waiting long.
? would you have been playing football?
? would they have been watching TV?
15. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Kegunaan :
Digunakan sebagai bentuk lampau dari present future continous tense untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung / akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would have been working for four hours.
+ You would have been travelling for two days.
- She would not have been using the car.
- We would not have been waiting long.
? would you have been playing football?
? would they have been watching TV?
16. Future Continuous Tense
Rumus:
subject + WILL + BE + Kata Kerja + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will be working at 10am.
+ You will be lying on a beach tomorrow.
- She will not be using the car.
- We will not be having dinner at home.
? Will you be playing football?
? Will they be watching TV?
kenggunakan Future Continuous TenseTense
ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Contoh:
Contoh:
I will be playing tennis at 10 am tomorrow.
They won’t be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
What will you be doing at 10 pm tonight? What will you be doing when I arrive?
She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
We ‘ll be having dinner when the film starts.
Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return.
I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + ….
They / We
I / You Subject + Verb s-es + ….
He / She
It
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
a. Every morning/day/week/month/year
b. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
c. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing
FUNGSI;
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.
b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: * Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.
3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + ….
Has
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.
b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.
5. Simple Past Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
- Just now - This morning - Yesterday
6. Past Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing
were
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.
b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.
7. Past Perfect tense
POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.
8. Future Tense
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 + …
will
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.
b. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
9.Future Perfect Tense
Rumus
Subject + will / shall + have + been + complement
Atau
Subject + will / shall + have + verb III + Object / adverb
Penggunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi / akan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Di present future perfect tense sering kali menggunakan kata waktu yang diawali dengan by next month, by nect year, dan sebagainya.
Contoh :
Everyone will have been here by tomorrow morning
We shall have finished the report.
10.Past perfect continous tenses
Rumus
Subject + would / should + have + been + complement
Atau
Subject + would / should + have + verb III + Object / adverb
Penggunaan past future tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan terjadi / akan dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh :
He would have built the nouse by September last year
My uncle have moved to solo by the end of may two years ago
11.future perfect continous Tense
Rumus:
subject + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will have been working for four hours.
+ You will have been travelling for two days.
- She will not have been using the car.
- We will not have been waiting long.
? Will you have been playing football?
? Will they have been watching TV?
Kapan kita memakai Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang suatu tindakan/kegiatan yang panjang sebelum beberapa saat di masa yang akan datang. Contoh:
I will have been working here for ten years next week.
He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.
12. Past Future Tense
Kegunaan: Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau
Rumus Past Future Tense
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
Contoh:
Kalimat Positif Past Future Tense:
-I would go at 7 am tomorrow
Kalimat Negatif Past Future:
-You would not work
-They would not drive home
-She would not learn music
Kalimat Tanya Past Future
-Would You work ?
-Would They drive home ?
-Would She learn music ?
13. Past Future Continuous Tense
Kegunaan :
Untuk menggambarkan pengandaian tentang suatu kejadian yang sehatusnya telah dan masih terjadi di masa lampau
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + BE + Kata Kerja + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would be working at 10am.
+ You would be lying on a beach tomorrow.
- She would not be using the car.
- We would not be having dinner at home.
? would you be playing football?
? would they be watching TV?
14. Past Future Perfect Tense
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would have been working for four hours.
+ You would have been travelling for two days.
- She would not have been using the car.
- We would not have been waiting long.
? would you have been playing football?
? would they have been watching TV?
15. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Kegunaan :
Digunakan sebagai bentuk lampau dari present future continous tense untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa / perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung / akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Rumus:
subject + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I would have been working for four hours.
+ You would have been travelling for two days.
- She would not have been using the car.
- We would not have been waiting long.
? would you have been playing football?
? would they have been watching TV?
16. Future Continuous Tense
Rumus:
subject + WILL + BE + Kata Kerja + ing
Contoh:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will be working at 10am.
+ You will be lying on a beach tomorrow.
- She will not be using the car.
- We will not be having dinner at home.
? Will you be playing football?
? Will they be watching TV?
kenggunakan Future Continuous TenseTense
ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Contoh:
Contoh:
I will be playing tennis at 10 am tomorrow.
They won’t be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
What will you be doing at 10 pm tonight? What will you be doing when I arrive?
She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
We ‘ll be having dinner when the film starts.
Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return.
